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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a coffee enthusiast you're likely to know that different beans can produce different flavors. Find out more about four of the most sought-after varieties: organic coffee beans Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, which are a variety of Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a sweeter and tarter taste profile, and are often added to blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans comprise 75% of all global production. Arabica beans are more mild and sweeter than Robusta and come in various flavour profiles. The flavor and aroma of coffee is affected by the conditions in which it is grown and the methods of processing used.

The word 'coffee' actually is derived from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that are cultivated inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were energized after eating these fruit, and the cultivation of coffee soon spread across the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and they are capable of thriving in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is one of the reasons that Arabica is regarded as the most delicious coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters insist on sourcing their arabica beans ethically, by emphasizing fair wages for farmers as well as sustainable growing practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to make distinctive coffees that can be used in many different methods of brewing. Blending allows control over the aroma, flavor and body, as well as the acidity of coffee. It is typically preferred to achieve a consistent and balanced taste that appeals a wide market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most common type of coffee bean that is grown worldwide. They have a higher caffeine content per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. However, these acids can cause oxidation in the process of brewing coffee and may produce undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more resilient than arabica, and can grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand temperatures that are higher and thrives in direct sun. It produces more coffee beans for sale per plant and grows faster than arabica. This makes it a economically viable crop to cultivate.

While it might seem contradictory Robusta beans are frequently blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you notice names like Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags it's possible there is also some robusta.

Most roasters employ a mixture of arabica and coffee beans in order to cut costs and preserve the quality. To ensure the quality of the flavor, it's essential to select a premium beans from a source you are confident with. This can be done by purchasing the beans directly from a farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped which distinguishes them from other coffee bean types. They have a distinctive aroma that is floral and fruity with smoky undertones. They are often added to other coffee bean types to give them a more rounded and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They are resistant to hot, humid climates and top 10 coffee beans are able to grow at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for growing at home. It is possible to purchase the seeds on the internet from a variety of sources, however it's best to purchase them from local producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee beans price plants include fertile deep volcanic soils that have a moderately acidic pH and adequate annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa, which was once considered a separate species but has been re-classified as a variant of Liberica. These coffee beans are ovals that grow on 20 to 30 feet coffee plants at moderate altitudes. Their distinctive taste is tart and sour, which makes them a popular option for blends made at home. They are also lighter in aroma and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta and Robusta, yet they have a distinct depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth-most popular type of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't quite as readily available as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually considered distinct species of coffee up until 2006, at which point they were reclassified to become a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans are shaped in the shape of teardrops and possess a dark, eerie taste. They're typically used in blends to add extra body and a rich, tart, ripened fruit flavor.

Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are renowned for their sweeter flavor. They thrive at higher altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They also have a hint of acidity. When roasted and brewed properly they can be a bit sweet with hints of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second to Arabica and makes up around 40 percent of the world's coffee. Robusta beans are rounder and smaller, but contain twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They are also bitterer than the other two types and have an earthy and woody taste.

Now that you know the four most widely used varieties of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select the perfect cup. If you prefer an elegant and delicate taste pick an arabica or a blend comprised of arabica beans and robusta beans.