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High Grown Arabica Coffee Beans

Arabica coffee beans possess distinct flavors. Arabica is more susceptible to disease and pests than its low-elevation cousin, Robusta.

The Arabicica variety with the highest quality is the one sought after by specialty roasters and premium arabica coffee beans blend coffee shops. What makes this kind of coffee so popular? Scientists have found the reason the reason is altitude.

High Altitudes

Coffee has a long and rich history, spanning from Ethiopia to Yemen and the lower part of Africa. It is now a major component of the production world. While low-elevation coffee can be commercially viable and populates the instant coffee sold in supermarkets, true enthusiasts seek out specialty arabica that is grown at higher altitudes to produce a more complex flavor profile.

The mountainous regions of the world's top coffee producing countries--Central and South America, Southern Asia and a few Pacific Islands, and mid to southern Africa -- provide the ideal growth conditions for the production of high-quality arabica beans. These high-elevation climates are frost free and offer a pleasant climate with a perfect annual average temperature of 64-73 degrees Fahrenheit.

Cool mountain temperatures delay the growth cycle of the coffee plant and permit a longer maturation process. This allows the coffee beans to absorb a variety of flavors from their environment and imbue them with unique characteristics. The longer maturation period also helps to prevent the coffee berry borer which is a small batch arabica coffee beans beetle that infests and eats the beans, as well as the coffee leaf miner moth, a pest that hinders photosynthesis and decreases productivity.

The combination of these elements contributes to a superior flavor and aroma profile as compared to lower-elevation coffees. Coffee grown higher up has a greater concentration of sweet flavors, such as citrus, fruit and vanilla. It's also more astringent and smoother than coffee grown lower. Roasters like this bean because of its sweetness, fullness of flavor and consistency.

High-grown arabica is known as strictly high-grown, or strictly hard bean. This means that the coffee was cultivated at a higher elevation than 4000 feet. The beans are typically grown on volcanic soils and are shade-grown, or organically grown. This enhances their already impressive flavors. These beans are drier because they mature and grow slower than those grown at lower altitudes. This results in an even stronger and consistent coffee. This unique characteristic makes SHG or SHB versatile arabica coffee beans the preferred choice for roasters looking to produce an espresso that is unique.

Cool Climate

The tropical zone spanning the tropical regions of Cancer and Capricorn, also known as the coffee belt is one of the most sought-after coffee growing regions. High-quality arabica coffee beans are produced in these mountainous regions where the low altitudes and cool climate create the ideal conditions for the plant to flourish.

Arabica plants can tolerate a wide range of climate conditions. However, their most successful development occurs in subtropical areas with cool night temperatures and warm daytime temperatures. This unique climate allows the plant to create complex flavors that communicate the freedom. These flavors are what makes coffee so distinctive.

While the low-elevation coffees lining the instant coffee aisle at your local supermarket may be growing quickly, experts and aficionados alike know that these types are more bitter and less flavorful than specialty coffee beans that are grown at higher elevations. The majority of coffee consumed across the globe is high altitude coffee.

The best high grown arabica coffee beans are usually located between three and six thousand feet. These beans are delicious because of the combination of high elevation with cool climate and fertile soil.

Coffee farmers are constantly on the lookout to find the perfect soil conditions for growing high-quality arabica plants. Ideally, the soil should contain a high amount of humus with a smooth, draining texture. This type of soil is ideal for growing arabica coffee beans for cold brew because it promotes the growth of healthy roots and also helps reduce the risk of the incidence of plant diseases.

Coffee farms prefer an environment that is cool and has a distinct dry season. These conditions allow the plants to mature more slowly and produce a denser and more flavorful coffee.

Well-drained soil

The high-grown arabica coffee beans are characterized by a sophisticated and complex taste, unlike the low-elevation varieties that are used for mass production. The coffee trees grow sheltered by tall canopy trees and the rich volcanic soil that is nutrient-rich provides ideal growing conditions for these special beans. The soil is able to allow the roots to absorb what they require, but it also drains quickly to avoid stagnant water puddles that restrict the growth of the roots and oxygen intake.

The Arabian coffee plant has a long taproot, and a few fibrous roots that extend outwards from 3 to 4 feet. (0.9-1.2m). The flowers are small, white, and fragrant and are referred to as cherries. They have two seeds inside, and are ripe when they're either purple or red. The plant is self-fertile and does not require cross pollination to set fruit.

The cooler climate at higher elevations slows down the development of the coffee plant, allowing it to mature more slowly. This allows the beans to develop more intense flavors. This translates to a richer, more complex taste that is much more potent than lower-elevation coffees.

At these altitudes, the temperature is colder, and the atmosphere more humid. The cool climate is ideal for sensitive growth of the coffee plant, and it aids in reducing the spread pests and diseases that plague lower-elevation plants.

Due to the unique soil and climate characteristics high-altitude coffee farms can produce far more beans than low-elevation farms. This is why you'll typically find these top coffee beans in specialty cafes as well as top coffee roasters.

If you are planning to grow your own Arabica plant, ensure that you be aware of the particular needs of this plant and select a mixture of soil that is compatible with these requirements. Avoid commercial mixes that may contain too many ingredients and don't allow the roots of your plant to thrive. Incorporate compost or other organic matter to increase the retention of water, without creating a concrete-like texture. Water your plant only when the soil feels dry to the surface. Avoid excessive or submerging which could cause root rot.

Unique Flavors

The distinctive flavor profile of arabica beans makes them highly sought-after. They are more rich and complex in flavor than other coffees, with notes of fruit, flowers, caramel and chocolate. The careful cultivation and roasting beans gives the smoother and sweeter flavor. These beans are also less acidic and have less caffeine than other varieties. They are therefore less bitter and are easier to drink.

Arabica beans are grown in mountainous regions around the globe that are part the Coffee Belt. The Coffee Belt is a tropical region that extends 30 degrees to the north or south of the Equator. This is where the best-quality beans are grown. The coffee plants are planted in volcanic and other fertile soils, and produce small fruits that are known as coffee cherries.

These cherries contain two seeds. The seeds are separated from the fleshy outer layer once they begin to ripen, and then are roasted and ground to create the coffee. Arabica coffee beans are a premium selection because they are typically more expensive than other varieties of bean and also possess a distinct flavor.

The altitude where arabica beans grow is among the primary factors that influence their quality and taste. The cooler climate and the fertile volcanic soils make arabica beans taste better than those grown at lower altitudes. The higher elevations also have a positive effect on the maturation of the coffee beans. The cooler temperatures slow down the growth cycle of the beans, which gives them the chance to mature.

Each region has its own unique flavor and distinctive characteristics. For example highland arabica coffee beans beans from Central America tend to have balanced composition and a light body, while those from Ethiopia and Kenya are popular for their savory sweet flavors. The distinctive flavors are due to the fact that each region and country has its own distinct soil type. Certain soils are rich in water and produce a full chocolatey flavor. Others have a sand texture which makes the coffee taste lighter.