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Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction

A ramp for wheelchairs is an important tool for helping your loved ones live at home independently. However, if they aren't designed correctly, they can be dangerous to use.

ADA regulations require level landings at all changes in direction to avoid compound slopes. They also need to provide a surface that is gripping for wheelchair users.

Design

The ramp's design should be in line with the Americans with Disabilities Act standards to allow wheelchairs to maneuver the structure with ease. The ramp slope can't exceed a ratio of 1:12, and the landings have to be level in any change of direction or shift in the ramp's surface. It must also be constructed using treated lumber which is more durable than untreated and can weather precipitation better.

The ramp's bottom and top should be free of obstructions such as trees or bushes, or any other structures that could hinder the safety of the user. The surface of the ramp must be non-slip and hard. Certain municipalities require the use of an anti-slip running surface along the entire length of the ramp.

Use treated lumber of at minimum 4 inches in width for the ramp frame. To make sure the ramp is secure, build posts that are at least 8 feet apart and extend to below the level of the ground. The posts must then be connected to the ramp's railings using spindles. This type of connection reduces the chance of a ramp user falling off the ramp.

Then, construct the ramp's frame using Joists that are at minimum 16 inches long and 2 by 4 inch beams. Make sure that the joists stand a minimum of 18 inches above the ground and that they are secured with hangers for joists which are nails that hold the inside of the joists to prevent them from sliding out of place. Attach the ramp decking using a framing nailer.

Add an upper landing near the doorway to allow wheelchair occupants to manage the doorswing without difficulty. This landing should be large enough to give at least 12 to 24 inches of "elbow space" on the handle side of out-swing doors. The landing for doors that are in-swinging should be 58 x 60 inches in order to accommodate the threshold of the door as well as a wheelchair user who needs to go backwards through the doorway.

Install a level landing at any change in ramp direction to avoid the requirement for wheelchairs to step on their brakes while turning corners. Adding a level landing also allows you to move the ramp out of the way if necessary to allow lawnmowers or other equipment can pass underneath it.

Materials

Concrete, wood or aluminium can be used to construct a wheelchair ramp. A professional ramp installer will help you select the most suitable option for your home or office. It is essential to take into consideration your budget and needs when choosing the materials for the ramp. The ramp must also be simple to maintain and safe to use. Certain cities require the ramp to be paved with a non-slip surface.

Be sure to inquire with your local government for permits before you begin building or purchasing materials. Also, make sure to adhere to all local building codes. Making use of the incorrect materials or construction techniques can result in dangerous conditions for wheelchair users. You can find current construction regulations in your local government building department, library or on the internet.

Wood ramps for wheelchairs are typically the most affordable of ADA ramp materials, but they require more maintenance than other options. The surface of wood ramps need to be regularly treated with a sealer in order to stop warping and rot. Wood can split and be dangerous for people using wheelchairs. Wood ramps may also require extra support to maintain the structure.

Concrete ramps can be costly, but are durable and last for a long time. They are heavy, which means that more labor is required to install fold up ramps for wheelchairs and may make it difficult to move the ramp when it is no longer required. Concrete ramps are able to withstand the weight of heavy power wheelchairs.

Aluminum ramps are lighter and more affordable than concrete or steel. They also have the same durability, strength and resistance to corrosion. They are also cheaper than iron and steel, making them an excellent option for those with budgets. Aluminum is also green because it is naturally found in the Earth's crust, and can be recycled.

The ramp's upper landing must be in a level area or within 3/8 inches of the threshold of the door to allow wheelchairs with smaller wheels to pass over the ramp without becoming stuck. Ramps with a gap higher than this comply with ADA standards. Also, ensure that the ramp transitions smoothly from the upper landing to the surface. The ramp's last section should have a beveled edge that will prevent wheelchairs from stopping abruptly when they leave or enter the home.

Installation

A ramp for wheelchairs is a plane inclined that can be installed as an alternative to or in the place of stairs. It allows wheelchair users, as well as those who use strollers or carts to access areas that are otherwise difficult to access.

When selecting a wheelchair access ramp, there are a variety of aspects to take into consideration, including the location, height, and cost. The ideal is for a ramp to be situated as close to the door as is possible to prevent unnecessary journeys. It should also be positioned at a level that is easily accessed by the person using it. It should also be properly anchored to the ground and clear of obstructions like shrubbery or parked cars.

ADA regulations require car ramps for wheelchairs to have handrails on either side. The rails must be at minimum 36" apart and have smooth or rounded gripping surface. Additionally, they should be attached to the ramp and extend at least 12 inches beyond the ramp edge. If a ramp is equipped with switchesbacks or an L-shaped layout handrails must be in continuous use between the ramp's runs.

The length of a ramp depends on the incline, but there are several standard ramps that are suitable for most situations. A threshold ramp, for example is placed flush against the lip of the curb or the rubber threshold wheelchair ramp of the doorway. Portable ramps are on the other hand they can be moved to a new place and come in a variety of sizes. There are also modular aluminum wheel chair ramps for vans that can be built on site. These are often used for commercial or public areas and are typically longer than the threshold and portable ramps.

If you are considering a permanent ramp, make sure you contact the building department of your city to determine if you'll need permits. It's recommended to speak with a mobility expert to determine which kind of ramp will best fit your requirements and the space that you have. In some cases the installation of an ongoing ramp could increase the value of your home.

Maintenance

It is important to keep your ramp for wheelchairs in good condition, especially if it will be used often. You'll need to perform regular inspections and deal with any structural issues as they occur. This will ensure that the ramp is compliant with all ADA requirements and is safe for all users.

Wooden ramps require regular maintenance to remove dirt and debris that may block access. Cleanliness of the ramp will also stop moisture from accumulating beneath the surface and causing rot. Preservatives and stains for wood only work effectively if the ramp is completely clean before application.

Wheelchair ramps are more difficult to maintain than other ramps as they are more likely wear and tear. The most important thing to do is ensure you have the right tools for the job. A good set of gauge spanners and screwdrivers will be vital to ensure that all fixings are secure and secure. It is also important to regularly check the handrails to ensure that they are in good shape and have no signs of damage or corrosion. With time and repeated use, it's not uncommon that some bolts or fittings that are anchored on the handrails to come loose. This could pose an unsafe situation for anyone using the ramp.

It is also crucial to make sure that the surface of the ramp is sufficiently grippy particularly in winter, when the conditions are difficult. You'll need to sweep away any dirt, leaves or other debris that might block and cause slippage. It is also recommended to apply an ice melt that is non-corrosive to the ramp's surface to avoid slips and injuries.

If you're planning on using your ramp all winter months, you should consider purchasing traction wheels or "snow tires" for your wheelchair. These are specially designed to provide better tracking on uneven surfaces and snow which is why they'll be more efficient than standard wheelchair tires in aiding you to stay on the ramp. You can also place heating pads or tape on the ramp surface to help melt ice and snow before it accumulates.